Human Interest Report

Question: Describe Report about Human Interestand also discuss the Features? Answer: Feature 1 The movie Theory of Everything which released in the year 2014 on November 7th was based on the traces of marriage of Stephen and Jane hawking, who get married quickly after it was known that Stephen was diagnosed with ALS (Adee, 2012). They were just 21 years old then and it was believed that Stephen would not survive no more than 2 years after he was diagnosed by. The movie is about the struggles of the couple and the challenges that they had to face to make it work. Stephen hawking is alive still now and is a world renown scientist and author too. The couple still had to struggle a lot as Stephens health deteriorated and Jane was forced to care for him as well as their three children. It is really difficult to determine how much of the movie is true, as it is based on the memoir of Jane written by her in 2007 known as Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen (Anon, 2015). Even the chronicle is a reviewed account of her volume around their marital life known as Music to Move the Stars which was printed in 1999. The book expresses a more damaging account of their life collectively. The film stars Eddie Redmayne as Stephen hawking and Felicity Jones as Jane Wilde (Desai, 2014). The lover of Jane known as Jonathan Hellyer was played onscreen baby Charlie Cox. Stephens professor who had helped him prove the theory Dennis Sciama was played by David Thewlis onscreen. Stephens father and mother Frank and Isobel hawking was played by Simon McBurney and Abigail Cruttenden respectively onscreen. The nurse with whom Stephen fell in love known as Elaine Mason was played onscreen by Maxine Peake. Hawking had been a coxswain on the rowing team of Oxford College. A work of a coxswain does not involve rowing however adequately reins the stroke frequency and navigation. The rank befitted his less than sporty build. It was throughout his stretch on the rowing team that the initial symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) initiated to indicate, which is also called Lou Gehrig's disease (Dockterman, 2014). He had been confined to a wheelchair in front of the public eye due to a motor neuron disease known as the ALS. Since 1985 he has been speaking across a characteristic computer technique which he directs with his cheek and has to be taken care around the clock (Hacking, 2013). ALS, which is similarly identified as a motor-neuron syndrome and equally as Lou Gehrig's syndrome in the U.S. which is a neurodegenerative ailment. For each muscle is synchronized by motor neurons that happen to occur in the brain in the frontal lobe. These are measured electrically and are synoptica lly linked to motor neurons that exist in the lower region of brain (Fejfar, n.d.). The ailment triggers limitation of either upper motor neurons or lower motor neurons or both. One contraption that is stressed by this Stephens progression is that this is an extremely mutable syndrome in numerous means. Typically people be alive 2 to 3 years later finding. But that signifies that partially people live extensive, and there are individuals who have survived for a pretty long, long time like Stephen hawking. On commenting about the ice bucket challenge he explained that it would not have been safe for him to participate in the challenge. As he had been suffering from pneumonia, therefore his two sons and a daughter had done it on behalf of him (Hacking, 2013). The movie had its world premiere at the Toronto international film festival in Canada. It had been publicised in the UK on 1st January 2015. Within a month the film had earned 50 million pounds in its collective aggregate at the box office. The motion picture was able to earn a lot of accolades as well as accolades and recommendations followed by its release which ranges from the acknowledgement the film had earned as well as the acting skills of the two major characters (Hawking, 2009).. The artistic liberties that have been taken by the director in the movie took it to a totally different level. Especially the scene where Stephen is drinking a cup of coffee and he just pours in the creamer and it starts spinning. This scene was not happening but it was being visualised in his head, as the creamer was turned clockwise and creating a circular revolution in the drink and all of a sudden it is spinning anti clockwise and the creamer starts disappearing until it remains as a small bobble that pops (Hermann, 2014). This gives Stephen to reverse the clock to the beginning of time. The theory of everything is good movie which invites the audience to the theatres with the tension that time is short and limited. But even though much like hawking the movie was not over. The end of the movie rewinds the life of hawking to the day he met his wife Jane which brings him to the conclusion that life was not a thought that when it will be over, but it is that what one still can achie ve. Feature 2 The second feature is about a young hero named teddy who saved a strangers life just moments after being born. Jess Evans and Mike Houlston are the proud parents of this young hero who had to donate their tragic baby boys organs in order to save a strangers life (Gregory, 2015). The tiny body of the boy was strong enough to cling to his life only for a matter of minutes but he will be a hero for his parents forever as well as an inspiration to millions of people who find themselves suffering from agony on losing a child. It is incredibly rare for babies at such tender age to donate organs but the feat that teddy achieved will be a mile stone in the medical research as it will encourage a lot of other parents who have given birth to new born in the hospital who often die, but they can be potential organ donors who can save the life of other seriously ill patients (Gregory, 2015). It is astonishing for the parents jess and mike that their little hero has helped someone else in just a l ife span of 100 minutes and also helped the doctors realise that donation from small babies is possible and there will be many parents who would like to remember their babies as heroes, however short their lifespan might be. Originally being childhood sweethearts the parent duo had been able to rekindle relationship in their 20s and had decided they were ready to spend their lives together and start a family together. Jess had a three year old daughter from her previous relationship were gracefully accepted by mike. As soon as they had returned from their honeymoon from Amsterdam, where they got engaged (Gregory, 2015). They soon found out that Jess was pregnant. They had been very about the fact that they were having twins that they were not able to stop themselves from announcing it to their friends as well as in their social network profiles. They even had put up the photo of their twin sacks up on Facebook. But soon their happiness was surrounded by grief in the early weeks of pregnancy when they heard that one of their babies was not well (Disabilities, Disabilities and Prevention, 2015). Jess Evans and Mike Houlston knew from the very beginning that their baby boy could not survive, but as very det ermined parents they wanted their baby boy to have a true meaning. It had been twelve weeks into their pregnancy, that Jess received the terrible news that one of the twins she was about to have was dreadfully ill (Zazzle Media, 2015). The condition of teddy had been so severe that he hardly would have a day or two to live after being born. Though they were battling such a huge setback and tragedy of their own they tried to make use of their humanity in order to save and help others in need. Therefore they started to explore whether they could by any chance make donate their babys organs to someone in need of help. The condition their baby was not clear to them at first as the doctors had been tiptoeing around the cause of their babys ill health and that he was not going to live. The baby, Teddy had anencephaly which is a rare fatal condition which prevents the normal development of the brain as well as the skull. It is a form of neural tube defect (NTD). It generally happens during the first months of pregnancy, usually even before the woman knows that she is pregnant. The formation of the neural tube occurs. It helps in the formation of the babys skull and brain as well as spinal cord and backbone. Anencephaly occurs when the upper part of the neural tube doesnt closes all the way (Zazzle Media, 2015). This results in the deformation of the baby where the front part of the brain, where the thinking and co-ordinating part is missing. The remaining parts of the brain are also not covered by bones or skin. They usually die right after birth. It had been a soul destroying moment for Jess when she was told that one of her babies would not survive. The doctors even offered them solution of aborting teddy many a times but it had been never been considered by the parents. They said that even if they could have spent ten minutes of their time with their child it would be one of the most precious thing for them to have (Gregory, 2015). Jess herself had been very strongly intent towards donation of organs since she had been a child. It made her and her husband more determined that they would not let his life go in vain. Most of the new-borns born in hospital have the potential to donate organs which could save the lives of other seriously ill patients. But Jess and Mike soon found out that it is very unusual and rare occurrence, but still they fought tirelessly against all odds to make it happen. A specialist nurse was assigned to them just before a few days ahead of giving birth to the twins so that the plan could be put to action. Soon after Jess gave birth to Noah and Teddy a day after Easter Monday (Gregory, 2015). It had been a day filled with heart break and hope. Teddy died at the age of 100 minutes, and surgery to donate his kidneys which had measured 3.8 cm and also the valves of his heart. Kidneys become fully functional at around 37 weeks when the new born is in the womb. His donation of kidneys was able to save the life of a patient with renal failure (Gregory, 2015). The family had even setup a twitter account on Teddys name. The contribution of Teddy has helped to trigger changes in the NHS policy which will make it easier for the babies who die early to donate. It has been seen that 7000 people are on the waiting list for organ donations and three people die every day waiting for a donor. Even 40% of the families refuse to go ahead when they are asked about donations. This act of courage by Teddys parents will help to relive the public attitudes which might be able to bring an end to this senseless waste of life. They have also started fund raising for a charity, To Wish Upon a Star, which helps in the bereavement services for the parents who lose their babies or children (Disabilities, Disabilities and Prevention, 2015). Feature 3 This is an interview of the world renowned author of the Da Vinci Code, Dan Brown. He is very famous for his fictional action adventure backed novels, though there are many authors in this category. Da Vinci code was the novel which set him up on the epitome of fictional writers (https://www.onlinecollege.org, 2010). It was highly controversial one as though said to be fictional, still it had set some serious facts in the story which made a whole community of Christian faith to be told a whole new story about their beliefs. The Da Vinci code is the story of a renowned Harvard symbolist Robert Langdon, who was summoned to the Louvre museum in order to examine series of cryptic symbols which had relation to Da Vincis artwork. While he tries to decrypt the code, he was able to uncover one of the greatest mysteries of all time. All the history, ancient documents, artwork and the secret rituals depicted in the book are so accurate that it made on to be an actual story. Dan Brown depicts in the interview, that one of the most astonishing aspect of the book the Da Vinci code was the realization that one of the historys greatest secrets is not such a big secret after all. The clues of this secrets were to be found in the things we see every day around us (BookBrowse.com, 2015). When he was asked about the authors that he likes to read about in his free time, he clearly depicted that he seldom reads fiction himself as his novels require much of factual knowledge for research. But still his favourite fictional authors are Ludlum and stein back for the plot intricacies and descriptions. Shakespeare is also appreciated by Dan for his wordplay. The book which had most influenced Dan was Doomsday conspiracy written by Sydney Sheldon. He found it on the beach, while he was vacationing on Tahiti and this lead to the first novel he ever wrote in 1996 known as Digital fortress (BookBrowse.com, 2015). Some of the favourite books of Dan brown are Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck which he thinks that is the best book to be written which provides an effective description. Kane and Abel for the ultimate description of good narration. Plum Island for its mastery in substance and wry humour (Articles.latimes.com, 1987). Then Ludlums Bourne series which is good for its complexity and smartness, even though it moves at lightning speed. Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare for its witty dialogues. Some books like Codes Ciphers and other cryptic and Clandestine Communication, Puzzle palaces also helped him to write his novels. Feature 4 This feature is about why one cant rely on the confidence or consistency of ones sources in journalism. How would a reporter know that their sources are telling the truth? In the downfall of the story on a campus rape in the November issue of the rolling stones, when the reporter became too reliant on the unchallenged gullible word of the victim (Rolland, 2006). The reporter Sean Woods had to face the most dreaded situation a reporter faces when his source no longer stood by her story of frat boys committing a horrible rape. This feature which had been published in the November issue of the rolling stones, had broken all records of readership. It had also caused a national uproar and the facts of it are hard to deny. The story involves the allegations made by a young woman who was lured by her date to the fraternity house who had been gang raped on broken glass by seven young initials (Frost, 2001). The story had been so hyped due to the reason of the culture that the female students had to face in campuses all around the country. It had been made an emblematic story by the reporter as the crime was further established to be defensive and almost dismissive by the university authorities. But the reporter was taken in by the teenage attention seeker as he failed to use the elementary techniques of investigative journalism. Another reason the magazine had been taken in because of the ideology of the reporter about the general behaviour of rich, entitled male undergraduates of the universities (Feldstein, 2007). The reporter Sabrina Erdely of the rolling stones further failed to verify the crucial facts such as whether the alleged rapists actually existed or the victims claims to the friends who were present in the occasion. Erdely was also charged of misattributing the dialogues as well as unfairly depriving the targets of her investigation (Ettema and Glasser, 2007). Practised journalists often have a feeling about an untruth. The feeling result from a sources tears or smiles, their sincere approach of dialogue, assistance, reductions, and that subtle quality we call genuineness. The most cautious journalists, though, do not hand out the headdress of genuineness based on character alone. Even if reporters do not forensically investigate their edifice of belief in these terms, they have also executed checks for inconsistency, trustworthiness of statement, and bias (Bhmke, 2015). They have thought really hard about the essential credibility of an accusation and pursued validation for stories that go contrary to the way the world usually works. Investigative reporting is an intrinsically antagonistic business. If the target is significant and well resourced, if the risks are great, there will be substantial, corresponding, and influenced blowback (Berkowitz, 2007). The better the influence of a piece, the harsher the screams of resentment, the harsh er the letters from lawyers and the greater sanctimony from inspecting critics. When that kind of ardour arrives, it is far better to have forensically examined the facts of your story yourself before magazine than to have your challengers do so afterwards. References Articles.latimes.com, (1987).Articles about Human Interest - latimes. [online] Available at: https://articles.latimes.com/keyword/human-interest [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. BookBrowse.com, (2015).Dan Brown author interview. [online] Available at: https://www.bookbrowse.com/author_interviews/full/index.cfm?author_number=226 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Disabilities, N., Disabilities, D. and Prevention, C. (2015).Facts about Anencephaly | Birth Defects | NCBDDD | CDC. [online] Cdc.gov. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/anencephaly.html [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Gregory, A. (2015).Youngest organ donor saves adult life just moments after being born. [online] mirror. Available at: https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/real-life-stories/teddys-story-youngest-ever-organ-5565854 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. https://www.onlinecollege.org, O. (2010).50 Famous Author Interviews That Shouldn't Be Missed - OnlineCollege.org. [online] OnlineCollege.org. Available at: https://www.onlinecollege.org/2010/03/28/50-famous-author-interviews-that-shouldnt-be-missed/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Zazzle Media, (2015).The Power Of The Human Interest Story - Zazzle Media. [online] Available at: https://www.zazzlemedia.co.uk/blog/human-interest-story/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Berkowitz, D. (2007). Professional views, community news: Investigative reporting in small US dailies.Journalism, 8(5), pp.551-558. Bhmke, H. (2015).When Sources Lie: Why You Cant Rely on Confidence or Consistency. [online] Global Investigative Journalism Network. Available at: https://gijn.org/2015/05/29/when-sources-lie-why-you-cant-rely-on-confidence-or-consistency/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Ettema, J. and Glasser, T. (2007). An international symposium on investigative journalism: Introduction.Journalism, 8(5), pp.491-494. Feldstein, M. (2007). Dummies and ventriloquists: Models of how sources set the investigative agenda.Journalism, 8(5), pp.499-509. Frost, C. (2001). Investigative Reporting: A Study in Technique;Investigative Journalism: Context and Practice.Journalism, 2(3), pp.369-372. Rolland, A. (2006). COMMERCIAL NEWS CRITERIA AND INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM.Journalism Studies, 7(6), pp.940-963. Adee, S. (2012). Stephen Hawking: man and myth.New Scientist, 215(2877), p.51. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.reddit.com/comments/2ero5a [Accessed 6 Aug. 2015]. Desai, A. (2014).Stephen Hawking, A Sufferer Of ALS, Sort Of Took The Ice Bucket Challenge, But Why Did He Delay?. [online] The Inquisitr News. Available at: https://www.inquisitr.com/1563753/stephen-hawking-a-sufferer-of-als-himself-sort-of-took-the-ice-bucket-challenge-but-why-did-he-delay/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2015]. Dockterman, E. (2014).The True Story Behind The Theory of Everything. [online] TIME.com. Available at: https://time.com/3571702/theory-of-everything-true-story/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2015]. Fejfar, A. (n.d.). Stephen Hawking is Trashed.SSRN Electronic Journal. Hacking, I. (2013). Hawking Incorporated: Stephen Hawking and the Anthropology of the Knowing Subject.Common Knowledge, 19(3), pp.553-554. Hawking incorporated: Stephen Hawking and the anthropology of the knowing subject. (2012).Choice Reviews Online, 50(04), pp.50-2121-50-2121. Hawking, S. (2009). Dr Stephen Hawking's disability advice.ANS, 16(03), pp.99-100. Hermann, A. (2014). Ethnographic journalism.Journalism. Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking : A review. (2013).Phys. Today.

Initiation Essay Example For Students

Initiation Essay Initiation Essay?An initiation story may be said to show its young protagonist experiencing a significant change of knowledge about the world or himself and this change must point or lead him toward an adult world?. In this essay I will be characterizing and evaluating each of the major protagonist in the following short stories. The first is Sammy of the famous short story ?AP?. The second protagonist is Mama from the sad ?Everyday Use?. Finally Jackie the crazy kid from ?First Confession? is my last protagonist. Sammy is a 19-year-old teenager who is from a small town near the ocean. He works at a grocery store as a cashier and three young ladies walk in wearing bathing suits and nothing else but their pride. He could not remember his name to save his life, let alone check ones groceries correctly. His emotions are on high and he is checking out the ladies left and right just like a teenager would and he stares not caring how it makes the women feel. He passes judgment on how the l ook and act during the whole time they are shopping; yet he has never met them. Keep in mind all of this is going on in his head for no one else can hear. Then he spots the store manager out of the corner of his eye and he turns sour because he knows he will do his best to kick the ladies out and ruin his fun. The store manager makes a big ordeal out of the situation and embarrasses them in front of the whole store. That very instant he knows the manager was wrong and does the righteous thing and quits. Sammy tells off his boss and walks out hopping maybe the women are still waiting on him. ?Mama? is about forty or fifty and a mother of two Dee and Maggie. Mama is ?in real life I am a large, big-boned women with rough, man-working hands?. She loves Dee when she was a child the most and was considered her favorite. She loves Maggie too but Dee was the smart one so with some help from the church they raised some money to send her to college. Maggie stayed with mama and learned her way of life. Dee came home with a boy friend and tells mama that her name is no longer Dee. Mama takes this as an insult and gets up set thinks she is trying to forget her heritage. Dee, as if that isnt enough she starts to ask for antiques not because of the memories but because they were in style. Mama at this point was very angry but she handles the situation very well by not getting violent. She grabs Maggie kisses her and realizes how special she is. Jackies grandfather died and his grandmother has to live with them now. She is a big old country women drinks like a fish and walks in bare feet, he hates her. He has a sister that torments him all day long; I dont blame him for getting violent with a butter knife. He thinks the whole world is out to get him. Ryan an old lady they pass on the street prepares him for his first confession. The only thing she ever talks about is hell, people burning furniture with their hands and putting one finger over a flame for five minutes. He goes to his confession not with his mom but with his evil sister. When he gets into the confessional both he does not know where to look so he starts to climb until someone answers. The father answer and is upset because he climbing around. Jackie adjusts and falls into the aisle and gets embarrassed. He ends up confessing all and finds out that this guy is the most interesting person he has meet and the experience wasnt as painful as everyone made it out to be. .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .postImageUrl , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:hover , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:visited , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:active { border:0!important; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:active , .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8 .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u309259a76050fd1b21286e68645f03f8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reflection Statement EssayIn conclusion, each one of the protagonists had some from of transformation in their life. For Sammy it was the manager embarrassing the women, mama it was Dees desirer to forget her past and Jackies was his first confession. Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past. George Orwell

Untitled Essay Research Paper Anselm free essay sample

Untitled Essay, Research Paper Anselm # 8217 ; s Ontological Argument and the Philosophers Saint Anselm of Aosta, Bec, and Canterbury, possibly during a minute of enlightenment or starvation-induced hallucination, succeeded in explicating an statement for God # 8217 ; s being which has been debated for about a thousand old ages. It shows no mark of traveling off shortly. It is an statement based entirely on ground, separating it from other statements for the being of God such as cosmogonic or teleological statements. These latter statements severally depend on the universe # 8217 ; s causes or design, and therefore may weaken as new scientific progresss are made ( such as Darwin # 8217 ; s theory of development ) . We can be certain that no such destiny will go on to Anselm # 8217 ; s Ontological Argument ( the name, by the manner, coined by Kant ) . In signifier, Anselm # 8217 ; s statements are much like the statements we see in doctrine today. In Cur Deus Homo we read Anselm # 8217 ; s conversation with a skeptic. We will write a custom essay sample on Untitled Essay Research Paper Anselm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This kind of question-and-answer signifier of debate ( dialectic ) is really much like the Hagiographas of Plato. The skeptic, Boso, inquiry # 8217 ; s Anselm # 8217 ; s religion with an array of inquiries non-believers still inquire today. Anselm replies in a bit-by-bit mode, inquiring for verification along the manner, until he arrives at a decision with which Boso is forced to hold. This is merely like Socrates # 8217 ; process with, say, Crito. Subsequently philosophers have both accepted and denied the cogency of Anselm # 8217 ; s celebrated ontological statement for the being of God, presented in both the Proslogium and Monologium. Anselm did non first attack the statement with an unfastened head, so analyze its constituents with a critical oculus to see which side was best. Anselm had made up his head about the issue long before he began to utilize dialectic to try to dissect it. Indeed, the extreme ardour which impels him to seek everyplace for statements favourable to the tenet, is a confession his portion that the tenet demands support, that it is problematic, that it lacks self-evidence, the standard of truth. ( Weber, V ) In chapters 2-4 of his Proslogium, Anselm summarizes the statement. A sap is one who denies the being of God. But even that sap understands the definition of God, a being than which nil greater can be conceived. But the sap says that this definition exists merely in his head, and non in world. But, Anselm observes, a being which exists in both world and in the understanding would be greater than one that simply exists merely in the apprehension. So the definition of God, one that points to a being than which nil greater can be conceived , points toward a being which exists both in world and in the apprehension. It would be impossible to keep the construct of God in this mode, and yet deny that He exists in world. The statement was criticized by one of Anselm # 8217 ; s coevalss, a monastic named Gaunilo, who said, that by Anselm # 8217 ; s logical thinking, one could conceive of a certain island, more perfect than any other island. If this island can be in the head, so harmonizing to Anselm, it would needfully exist in world, for a # 8216 ; perfect # 8217 ; island would hold this quality. But this is evidently false ; we can non do things exist simply by conceive ofing them. Anselm replied, continuing his statement ( in many, many words ) by stating that they are comparing apples and oranges. An island is something that can be thought of non to be, whereas the non-existence of that than which a greater can non be conceived is impossible. ( Reply, ch.. 3 ) Merely for God is it impossible non to be ; mere islands or other things do non suit this quality. Copleston amounts it up compactly ( for Anselm doesn # 8217 ; t ) : it would be absurd to talk of a simply possible necessary being ( it is a contradiction in footings ) , whereas there is no contradiction in speech production of simply possible beautiful islands. St. Thomas Aquinas rejects the statement, stating that the human head can non perchance conceive of the thought of God by ground entirely ( a-priori ) , as Anselm might. The statement does non do sense by itself, and must first supply an thought of the being of God with an analysis of God # 8217 ; s effects ( a-posteriori ) , to which Thomas turns. I think there is grounds in Anselm # 8217 ; s Hagiographas that he would differ, stating that the thought of God is an unconditioned one given to us by God, and demands no other disclosure to convey it approximately. Hence, this being, through its greater similitude, assists the look intoing head in the attack to supreme Truth ; and through its more first-class created kernel, teaches the more right what sentiment the head itself ought to organize sing the Creator. ( Monologium, ch. 66 ) Although St. Thomas was evidently a truster, he was non swayed by the thought of ground entirely being sufficient to turn out God # 8217 ; s being. His expostulation of the human head # 8217 ; s capableness to ascertain God is echoed by other philosophers such as Kierkegaard ( who was besides a Christian ) : The self-contradictory passion of the Reason therefore comes repeatedly into hit with the Unknown # 8230 ; and can non progress beyond this point. [ Of God: ] How make I cognize? I can non cognize it, for in order to cognize it, I would hold to cognize the God, and the nature of the difference between God and adult male ; and this I can non cognize, because the Reason has reduced it to compare with that from which it was unlike. ( Kierkegaard, 57 ) Anselm disagrees, and explains why light of God through rational discourse brings Man closer to God. So, doubtless, a greater cognition of the originative Being is attained, the more about the animal through which the probe is made attacks that Bing. ( Monologium, ch. 66 ) Descartes restates Anselm # 8217 ; s statement for his ain intents, which include specifying what kinds of cognition is around that is grounded in certainty. Most ulterior philosophers tend to utilize Decartes # 8217 ; preparation of the statement in their analyses. Required for Descartes # 8217 ; undertaking is God, who granted worlds the concluding capableness with which we can cognate truths. The signifier of Anselm # 8217 ; s statement he uses involves specifying # 8216 ; being # 8217 ; as one of God # 8217 ; s many flawlessnesss. Being is a portion of T he construct of a perfect being ; anyone who denied that a perfect being had the belongings being would be like person who denied that a trigon had the belongings three-sidedness # 8230 ; the head can non gestate of triangularity without besides gestating of three-sidedness # 8230 ; the head can non conceive of flawlessness without besides gestating of being. ( Fifth Meditation ) Several philosophers ask what belongingss needfully should be ascribed to God, and if being is one of them. Lotze asks how a being # 8217 ; s existent being logically follows from its perfectness. This tax write-off, Lotze says, satisfies our sentimental values that our ideals must be. Why should this thought [ a perfect being s unreality ] disturb us? Obviously for this ground, that it is an immediate certainty that what is greatest, most beautiful, most worthy, is non a mere idea, but must be a world, because it would be unbearable to believe [ otherwise ] . If what is greatest did non be, so what is the greatest would non be, and it is non impossible that that which is greatest of all imaginable things should non be. ( Lotze, 669 ) The head can plan fantastic and antic things. Where is the false belief in thought of a perfect, unreal something? Descartes # 8217 ; preparation which ascribes # 8216 ; being # 8217 ; to a most perfect being leads us to the most celebrated expostulation to Anselm # 8217 ; s statement, from Kant. Kant has a job with handling # 8216 ; being # 8217 ; as a belongings of a thing, that it makes no sense to speak of things which have the belongings of being and others which do. See the plausible state of affairs of inquiring my roomie Matthew to acquire me a beer. What sort of beer? he replies. Oh, Budweiser. And a cold one, at that. Besides an bing one, if you # 8217 ; ve got any, I might stipulate. Something merely seems awry. For Kant, when you take off # 8216 ; being # 8217 ; from a construct of a thing, there is nil left to trade with. It makes no sense to speak of an omniscient, almighty, all-good God, nor of a red-and- white, cold, non-existent Budweiser. A thing either exists, with belongingss, or it doesn # 8217 ; t. Where Descartes and Anselm would state you are doing a logical contradiction by stating God does non exist because of the fact that this statement conflicts with the really construct of God including the belongings of being, with Kant, doing this kind of a statement involves no contradiction. For contending non-existence as a portion of a thing # 8217 ; s concept kind of negates any argumentative power that the construct # 8217 ; s other qualities might hold had. A construct of a thing should concentrate on its specifying qualities, such as cold and Budweiser, instead than on its being. Anselm # 8217 ; s original answer to Gaulino might be applicable here in a defence against Kant. Possibly it is possible to deny the being of mere things ( be they islands or Budweisers ) without logical contradiction, but in the instance of a most-perfect being, # 8216 ; being # 8217 ; must be portion of its construct. Possibly it is possible that an island can be said non to hold existed, possibly if tectonic home bases hadn # 8217 ; T shifted in a certain manner. But God is non bound by the restraints of causality ; God transcends cause, bing throughout all clip. So in the construct of God is # 8216 ; being # 8217 ; , every bit good as His assorted other properties. So to state God does non be is contradictory, after all. Kant counters this with a lay waste toing blow. He reduces the ontological statement to a tautology: The construct of an all-perfect being includes being. We hold this construct in our heads, hence the being must be. Therefore, an existent being exists. Even if we grant the statement legion favours, allowing it flight from plentifulness of idiosyncrasies, in the terminal, it still doesn # 8217 ; t truly state us anything uncovering. All the problem and labor bestowed on the celebrated ontological or Cartesian cogent evidence of the being of a supreme Being from constructs entirely is problem and labor wasted. A adult male might every bit good anticipate to go richer in cognition by the assistance of mere thoughts as a merchandiser to increase his wealth by adding some zeros to his cash-account. ( Kant, 630 ) Anselm # 8217 ; s statement was non designed to convert disbelievers, but to be nutrient for trusters like Gaunilo who wished see what consequences the tool of dialectic will convey if applied to the inquiry of God. While today the statement seems weak, or even capricious, it is a courageous effort to travel without tenet in explicating God. The statement must stand or fall by its sheer dialectical force. A principal ground of our trouble in appreciating its power may good be that pure dialectic makes but a weak entreaty to our heads. ( Knowles, 106 ) I think I stand with St. Thomas and Kierkegaard in this affair, for it seems that a strictly logical statement of God # 8217 ; s being is slightly out of topographic point. One must be in a place of religion seeking apprehension , in an a-posteriori province of head to appreciate an a-priori cogent evidence such as this. This is slightly uneven and unsettling, for I tend to hold with logically sound statements at all other intersections of my life. It seems as if Church tenet these yearss accentuates the enigma of God, remaining off from concluding such as Anselm # 8217 ; s to pull followings. For to hold faith in the enigma is what is admirable. One should non be tempted to go to church smugly because it is unlogical non to. Anselm. Proslogium, Monologium, Cur Deus Homo. with debut by Weber, translated by S. N. Deane. Open Court, La Salle, 1948. Copleston, Frederick. A History of Philosophy. Image Books, New York, 1994. Honderich, Ted ( editor ) . The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995. Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by N. K. Smith. London, 1933 ( 2nd edition ) . Kierkegaard, Soren. Philisophical Fragments. Translated by D. F. Swenson. Princeton University Imperativeness, 1962. Knowles, David. The Development of Medieval Thought. Random House, New York, 1962. Lotze, Rudolf. Microcosmus. Translated by Hamilton and Jones. Edinburgh, 1887. Southern, Richard. Saint Anselm. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990. Van Inwagen, Peter. Metaphysics. Westview Press, Boulder, 1993.

Sample Informative Essay - How to Enhance Your Grade

Sample Informative Essay - How to Enhance Your GradeA high school English or History student is required to deliver a written essay on a sample informative essay which is provided by the HMH Performance Assessment Institute. The author must submit a 'sample explanatory essay' that includes sample sentences and paragraphs, different topics and various ideas about literature. If he or she is selected for the HMH High School Performance Assessment (HSPA) then the student is expected to deliver a full report that contains all the requisite HMH Pass & Fail criteria.It is possible that the presenter's grade will be lower than his or her HSPA score. But it is necessary to deliver the HMH High School Performance Assessment during the HSPA year to avoid penalties, which are typically assessed for not meeting performance standards. To protect the school as well as the students, the original author must use clear, concise prose, while following the rules of grammar and punctuation, which is req uired by the standard HLTHPI. The sample is provided in an attempt to assist presenters in delivering high quality reports and essays that are representative of those delivered during the HSMPA examination.If the author has a good ability to prepare and write properly, he or she can also achieve the passing grade for the HSPA. But many students do not get the grade they expected for the High School Performance Assessment Examination. How can this be accomplished?There are several reasons why the author's performance will be lower than his or her HSPA pass & fail score, and it could be because of several factors, which may include inexperience, and some plagiarism at least, if not a number of other explanations. The person who is expected to deliver the written essay for the HSPA will most likely be in a position to understand the course material better than a first time HSPA author and therefore they can produce better essay which will achieve the necessary grade.Several strategies have been developed in an effort to make sure that the HMH pass & fail report will be written in a way that will result in a higher grade. Some of these strategies include:The author can prepare an original and comprehensive report that includes the ideas, words, and ideas that relate to the subject matter of the HMH High School Performance Assessment. These are the concepts and statements which are used by the HMH Board of Review in the assessment, and they form the basis of the Grade Point Average (GPA). This is why it is important to try to understand the basis of the HSPA assessment.Use of the correct terminology and the proper usage of the vocabulary that is used in academic writing. While writing the exam, you need to consider how different meanings of words will impact on the grading criteria. These will be helpful in assuring the HMH Pass & Fail score.In order to pass the HMH, it is recommended that the author state the material in a hierarchical manner, starting with the mo st basic concepts, and ending with the most complex information. This will help the HMH Board of Review to determine the level of difficulty of the study material and will help ensure that the HMH pass & fail score are higher than the expected outcome of the HMH HSPA.

Carbon Dioxide and Greenhouse Effects

Carbon Dioxide and Greenhouse Effects Introduction Scientists have attributed greenhouse effect or global warming as a significant factor, which is causing climate change and threatening the existence of humanity and other forms of life.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Carbon Dioxide and Greenhouse Effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scientist argue that, greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and water vapor accumulate in the atmosphere and shield the earth from emitting long wave radiations into the atmosphere. Since the earth surface hardly loses any radiations from the sun into the atmosphere, due to the greenhouse effect, global warming ensues. Scientific studies have shown that human activities are the main cause of global warming because they increase the amount of CO2 and chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. According to Kerr (2011), exponential anthropogenic emis sion of greenhouse gases poses a serious threat to stability of earth’s climate and subsequently affects humanity, flora, and fauna negatively (142). Although global warming is a considerable challenge, which climatologists are grappling with, new scientific findings show that CO2 is not responsible for global warming since its concentration has been relatively stable for centuries. Thus, there is continuing debate as to whether anthropogenic emission of CO2 is the cause of global warming. To prove that increased amount of CO2 in the atmospheres does not cause the greenhouse effect and subsequently global warming; this research paper examines scientific debate regarding global warming. Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming Increasing amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has elicited extensive debate of global warming. Climatologists have warned that exponential increase in levels of CO2 is posing a considerable threat to the existence of life on earth because it causes global warming. The debate has been raging as to whether global warming is a natural occurrence or an anthropogenic consequence, but there is undisputable evidence that temperature of the earth has been continually rising for centuries. Rahmstorf (2008) argues that, climatologists expect that, by 22nd century, temperature of the earth will rise by 5oC or more globally, while regionally, it will by more than 10 oC (p.36).Advertising Looking for research paper on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Given current trends of human activities, the rise of temperature will continue for more centuries to come if immediate and long-term interventions are not in place to regulate anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Numerous studies suggest that increase in CO2 level is concomitant with temperature increase, meaning that CO2 is responsible for climatic change, which seems to threaten the existence of life on earth. Increase in t he levels of greenhouse gases such as CO2, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapor clearly indicate that global warming is a reality that humanity must address or face extinction due to impeding climate change. Although greenhouse gases are many in the atmosphere, CO2 contributes considerably to climate change because of its abundance in the atmosphere and sources of emissions. Idso and Idso (2011) explain that, preindustrial levels of CO2 were about 280 parts per million (ppm), but the current level of CO2 is over 380 ppm (13). Therefore, it means that increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere is the cause of global warming. Hence, change in CO2 levels by 100 ppm substantially prove that CO2 is a greenhouse gas that has contributed significantly to global warming. Climatologists view that, with current trends of anthropogenic emission of CO2, it is predictable that, by 22nd century, the levels will be about 1000 ppm. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) considers CO2 leve ls of between 400 to 600 ppm to be extremely dangerous. Surprisingly, currents levels of CO2 stand at about 380 ppm, while levels of total greenhouse gases are about 450 ppm. Furthermore, there has been increased emission of greenhouse gases recently because virtually all countries across the world rely on fossil fuel as a source of their energy. Such trends are quite alarming because they depict that anthropogenic emission of CO2 is responsible for global warming and subsequent climate change. According to Chen and Wang (2011), IPCC has demanded that countries should ratify United Nation recommendation of stabilizing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and reducing anthropogenic emission of CO2 (765). Both the United Nations and IPCC have supported the view that increasing levels of CO2 is causing global warming. Although greenhouse gases come from various sources, CO2 emissions are mainly due to anthropogenic sources. It is evident that the main cause of drastic increase in CO2 lev els is increased utilization of fossil fuel. Given that amount of fossil fuel used correlates with the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere, emission estimates indicate that, there is an exponential increase in levels of CO2.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Carbon Dioxide and Greenhouse Effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Glikson (2009) argues that, apparent increase in CO2 levels forms about 57% of total emissions as ocean and biosphere, which acts as carbon sinks, have absorbed approximately 43% of total emissions (16). Therefore, it means that, had it not for carbon sinks to absorb significant percentage of CO2, there would be a high percentage of CO2 in the atmosphere, which consequently could have caused serious climate changes due to global warming. Thus, estimates show that oceans alone have absorbed approximately 30% of anthropogenic emissions making marine environment become acidic. There fore, anthropogenic emission of CO2 does not only cause global warming but also acidify marine environment, thus threatening the existence of marine life. Supporting Views of Global Warming Proponents of Global Warming argue that climate change mainly result from human activities that emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere and create a greenhouse effect that shields radiations from the earth surface from escaping into the atmosphere, thus increasing temperature of the earth. Therefore, the argument that global warming is a natural process of the earth does not give sufficient evidence since it only presumes that temperature is a variable factor that varies from one place to another and from one year to another. Moreover, critics of anthropogenic argues that, despite the increase in the use of fossil fuel and the temperature of the earth remained relatively constant and dispute that human activities are the cause of global warming. Ac cording to Kaufmann, Kauppi, Mann, and Stock (2011), apparent increase in global temperature for the last 50 years is due to a measurable increase in anthropogenic emission of CO2 (3). There was insignificant rise in global temperature between 1998 and 2008 because sulfur emissions brought about cooling effect, which cancelled out warming effect of greenhouse gases, especially CO2. Therefore, although increasing level of CO2 causes global warming, other factors such as sulfur alleviate greenhouse effect in the atmosphere.Advertising Looking for research paper on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Increasing concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases are the cause of global warming. Given that human activities emit a lot CO2 into the atmosphere, they contribute significantly to the occurrence of global warming. Therefore, anthropogenic emission of CO2 is easily quantifiable because the amount of fossil fuels used correlates directly with the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. During preindustrial period, CO2 concentration in the atmosphere was about 280 ppm, but currently concentration is about 380 ppm. Plausible explanation for the huge increase in concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is anthropogenic emission, which occurred due to industrialization. Industrialization led to increased consumption of fossil fuel and concomitant emission of CO2. Konkel (2011) argues that, the current levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are unprecedented because, human activities associated with industrialization emit a significant amount of CO2 (10). Current amount of CO2 in the atmosphere i s partial because it consists of about 57% of total emissions while biosphere absorbs about 43%. Hence, if it were not for oceans and biosphere to absorb about 43% of carbon dioxide, global warming would have caused drastic climatic changes that threaten the existence of life on earth. Amidst criticisms that parameters and models of measuring global warming are unreliable, proponents of CO2 theory continue to assert that, their projections are quite credible. Hence, climatologists have used numerous parameters and models to enhance consistency of data collected and to promote effective analysis of data. Since there is significant disparity in temperature at local and global levels, consistency of variability is quite evident to suggest that anthropogenic emission of CO2 in certain places relates with temperature of specified locations. Thus, proxy data collected from tree rings, corals and ice cores give an overall picture of occurrence of global warming. Furthermore, climatologists have used modern technology of satellites, which takes real-time pictures showing changes in sea levels and melting of ice at Arctic and Antarctic regions. However, Rahmstorf (2008) affirms that, since 1979 to present, satellite has effectively shown that about 20% of Arctic sea ice cover has shrunk due global warming, which makes it melt (44). Hence, melting of ice and rising sea levels are undisputable effects of global warming that occur due to anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases. Opposing Views of Global Warming Opponents of anthropologic climate change argue that global warming is a natural process that does not need any intervention. Despite wide claims that support that greenhouse gases are the main causes of climate change and global warming, Xhao contends that, global warming is a myth because the temperature of the earth has been waxing and waning throughout the history (1988). Opponents of global warming argue that although natural processes mainly contribute to a ccumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, they are subject to natural factors that balance their composition in the atmosphere. Thus, to assert that CO2 causes global warming is not plausible since CO2 has been accumulating in the atmosphere for centuries yet there is no concomitant increase in temperature. Recent study indicates that temperature increase has stagnated in spite of increased usage of fossil fuel across the world. Wang and Chameides (2007) argue that, between 1998 and 2008, there was negligible increase in temperature, and decline in surface temperature by 0.2 oC between 2005 and 2008, yet anthropogenic emission of CO2 increased tremendously (4). Since the amounts of CO2 emitted are not consistent with the increase in temperature, it means that CO2 does not cause global warming. If anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuels were causing global warming, the temperature of the earth would have significantly increased proportionately. From the industrial revoluti on to now, anthropogenic emission of CO2 would have multiplied amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and cause significant change in temperature, but this has not occurred. Thus, increase in CO2 levels does not cause global warming. Due to claims of the IPCC and United Nations that CO2 is responsible for climate change because it causes global warming, the United States formulated strategies of cutting down anthropogenic emissions. In spite of effective strategies that the United States has put in place to cut down emission of CO2, the total amount of anthropogenic emissions did not change. According to Clement (2011), emission of CO2 will not change because there is constant growth of economy, industries, and population, which are significant factors that influence emission of CO2. (952). Thus, regulation of CO2 emissions is a futile process as effectively illustrated by Jevons paradox. Logically, if CO2 emissions were causing global warming, reduction of emissions would have gradually l ed to decrease in the overall amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and caused a significant drop in temperature. Thus, according to Jevons paradox, reduction of CO2 emission will neither be possible nor cause any marked drop in temperature because CO2 does not cause global warming. Argument that CO2 causes global warming is against scientific tenets of importance of CO2 to living things. It is obvious that CO2 is a source of carbon that plants utilize during photosynthesis when making carbohydrates. Numerous scientific studies have illustrated that level of CO2 in the atmosphere determines the rate at which plants grow. Plants that grow at high concentration of CO2 mature faster as compared to plants that growth at low concentration of CO2. Therefore, it is evident that CO2 is essential for healthy growth of plants, which is beneficial to animals, as well. According to Morgan (2011), high concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is beneficial to C4 plants because it does not only increase their growth but also decreases rate of losing water through transpiration (203). Thus, in arid areas with a limited amount of water and high concentration of CO2, there is increased productivity of plants contrary to expectation that global warming due to increased levels of CO2 is detrimental to plants in arid lands. Increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and fluctuating temperature increase indicate that other confounding factors that significantly influence global warming exist. According to Ashworth (2009), in the year 2000, water vapor decreased by 10% and CO2 levels remained relatively constant in the atmosphere, but there was temperature increase by 25%, contrary to expectations of what would have occurred because of low concentration of greenhouse gases (2). However, abnormal increase in temperature in spite of a significant decrease in anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases tends to disapprove the claim that anthropogenic emission of CO2 causes of global war ming and suggests that other confounding factors in the environment are responsible for global warming. Critics of anthropogenic climate change argue that, parameters, which scientists use in measuring the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and temperature increase, are not reliable since they are subject to many confounding factors. Ashworth (2009) disputes that, temperature measurements originate from proxy data such as tree rings, corals, and ice cores that link with local temperatures and other parameters that influence real temperature variation (5). Local and regional temperatures can be significantly higher than global temperatures because of variation in causes that may not necessarily reflect global warming. Moreover, critics argue that the use of satellites in measuring temperature of the earth through radiations is unreliable since it is prone to effects of atmospheric radiations from the sun. Short life span of satellites also affects the accuracy of data colle cted due to daily variation of temperature and calibration of satellites. Thus, temperature of the earth is fairly constant and subject to other environmental factors other than anthropogenic emission of CO2. Critics of CO2 theory of global warming assert that, the earth was warmer during medieval times as compared to current climate, meaning that temperature rise preceded the increase in CO2 levels. They assert that, the problem with proponents of global warming is that, they assume that the earth was colder during ancient times, but progressively gets warmer as anthropogenic emission of CO2 increases in the atmosphere. The assertion that CO2 causes global warming has it basis on insufficient data, which relied on incidental consistency of temperature increase and CO2 increase in a period of 1985 to 2000. However, historical data show that, CO2 levels and temperature increase do not correlate; thus, it is not plausible to affirm that CO2 is responsible for global warming and climat e change witnessed in the recent past. According to Evans (2007), from 2000 to 2003, it became evident that temperature increase preceded CO2 by approximately 800 years (1). Hence, one can even argue that temperature increase elevates levels of CO2 in the atmosphere because it speeds up biological process in an ecosystem. In 2008, scientists who held International Conference on Climate Change conclusively ruled that CO2 does not cause global warming via greenhouse effect. Based on the greenhouse effect, it is feasible to state that temperature increases as one ascends towards the atmosphere, but this is not the case. Coffman (2008) argues that, anthropogenic CO2 theory of global warming needs to demonstrate that mid-troposphere is warmer than earth surface by 2-30 C as expected (2). However, earth surface is warmer than the atmosphere, thus contradicting greenhouse effect of CO2 in the atmosphere. Hence, scientists concluded that greenhouse gases, particularly CO2, are not significa nt drivers of global warming and climate change as widely claimed by some scientists and climatologists. Moreover, Jaworowski (2007) adds that, politicians and bureaucrats agree that, there is no sufficient scientific evidence to prove that CO2 causes global warming, but they continue to support it because of financial gains (41). Scientific evidence cannot support the claim that CO2 causes global warming because, anthropogenic emission gives about 3%, while land and seas emits the remaining 97% of total emissions of CO2. Proponents of CO2 theory target anthropogenic emissions because they can derive some benefits by imposing the tax on industries. Conclusion For decades, environmental scientists and climatologists have blamed increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere for causing global warming and climate change. They argue that increasing level of CO2 is causing global warming through the greenhouse effect, which subsequently influence climate change. However, many scientists hav e come to discredit CO2 theory of global warming by asserting that global warming is a natural occurrence that has no link with CO2 levels. Critics of CO2 theory of global warming argue that, the theory is fallacious because it has no credible scientific basis to explain the correlation between temperature change and CO2 levels. Therefore, general claims that link anthropogenic emission of CO2 to global warming are more political than scientific. Reference List Ashworth, Robert. 2009. No Evidence to Support Carbon Dioxide Causing GlobalvWarming. Climate Studies, 1-8. Chen, Toly, and Yi-Chi Wang. 2011. A Fuzzy-Neural Approach for Global WarmingvvConcentration Forecasting. Intelligent Data Analysis 15, no. 5 (February): 763-777. Clement, Matthew. 2011. The Jevons Paradox and Anthropogenic Global Warming: AvPanel Analysis of State-Level Carbon Emissions in the United States, 1963-1997. Society and Natural Resources 24, no. 9 (May/June): 951-961. Coffman, Michael. 2008. Scientists Overw helmingly Declaim Rile of CO2 in GlobalvWarming. International Conference on Climate Change, 1-4. Evans, David. 2007. Carbon Emissions do not Cause Global Warming. InternationalvClimate and Environmental Change Assessment Project, 1-5. Glikson, Andrew. 2009. Climate Change: The Current Rate of CO2 Rise isvUnprecedented in the Recent History of the Earth. Natural Science, 1-23. Idso, Craig, and Sherwood Idso. 2011. Carbon Dioxide and Earth’s Future: Pursuing thevPrudent Path. Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, 1-168. Jaworowski, Zbigniew. 2007. The Greatest Scientific Scandal of Our Time. Science.v41-53. Kaufmann, Robert, Heikki Kauppi, Michael Mann, and James Stock. 2011. ReconcilingvAnthropogenic Climate Change with Observed Temperature 1998-2008. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1-4. Kerr, Richard. 2011. What Heated Up the Eocene? Science 331, no. 6014 (July): 142-v143. Konkel, Lindsey. 2011. Current Rate of CO2 Emissions Unprecedented In Earths Past.vEarth 56, no. 9 (September): 10-14. Morgan, Jack. 2011. C4 Grasses Prosper as Carbon Dioxide Eliminates Desiccation invWarmed Semi-Arid Grassland. Nature 476, no. 7359 (November): 202-205. Rahmstorf, Stefan. 2008. Anthropogenic Climate Change: Revisiting the Facts.vPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 34-53. Wang, James, and Bill Chameides. 2007. Are Humans Responsible for GlobalvWarming? A Review of the Facts. Environmental Defence, 1-6. Xhao, Xiaobing. 2009. Is Global Warming Mainly Due to Anthropogenic GHGvEmissions? Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects 33, no. 21 (April/May): 1985-1992.

English Contemporary Historical Fictions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

English Contemporary Historical Fictions - Essay Example Romance is for each character a state of mind and emotion that dominates the women’s affections toward another person; even one of the same sex. In each of the works, the protagonist’s perception of romance is subject to the views formed by each woman based on her own experiences. It is secondarily formed by the environments that each woman lives in. The notion of romance changes on the whole as the protagonists move from adolescence, into young womanhood, and into maturity. This essay examines the notion of romance, and the experiences of the protagonists in each of the works as their perceptions on romance evolve with their own sexual and family experiences. In Atwood’s book, Alias Grace, the story opens with a lengthy poem/song about the young servant girl, Grace Marks, who, along with her lover, James McDermott, murdered their employer, Thomas Kinnear and his housekeeper/lover, Nancy Montgomery (pp. 11-15). It is a poem/song that is typical of the day, when tepid and sordid and often gruesome gossip was turned into poetic sing-song, which would survive in infamy down through the ages. Much like the poem about Lizzy Borden: These kinds of poems or sing-songs become obscure as to their origins, but the stories with which they were born out of are pieces of American history. This is the case with Lizzy Borden, and this is the premise upon which Atwood built her story of Grace Marks. The story that is about to unfold is told in the poem: For Atwood’s story, the experience of unrequited love that leads to the double murder of Thomas Kinnear and Nancy Montgomery at the hands of Grace and McDermott relies upon the reader’s interest in the tabloid-like story that surrounds the arrest and trials of Grace Marks and James McDermott. However, the attention, like the poem, is more focused on Grace because any time

Cat's Cradle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cat's Cradle - Essay Example However, a successful military asset, the machine on the other side had destructive impact to the environment as it could destroy the whole nation’s water supply. This would then lead to the eventual demise of any water body. In the end, Hoinekker’s search for truth ended up with an invention presenting pending threat to the entire humanity (Vonnegut 22-25). After the invention, the scientist comes to terms with the reality that scientific quest for the truth does not in any way result to the solution of human problems. According to Vonnegut, science main aim is to discover new problems to humans rather than discovering solutions.However, scientists have never come to realize the injustice that they are doing to humanity because of their obsession with the pretext of discovering the truth. The writer through the referring to Jonah presents religion as more relevant and less dangerous when compared to science.However,religion does not lack its fare share shortcomings and paradoxes though they are mild when compared to those of science. Religion derives its usefulness not from its ability in telling or finding the truth but from its function in giving people elaborate lies to believe in. Similarities between Bokonon and Jonah come in the ability of both to offer lies that make human beings feel better. Religion is able to achieve this within the people’s destitute nature and lack of purpose. Jonah despite pending disaster gave people home and even went as far as declining to take God’s message of destruction to the people of Nineveh. The core theme derived from Bokononism is that it is the responsibility of man to give life meaning necessitated by the fact that it inherently has no meaning.Bokonon therefore exploits this avenue to provide people with one lie after the other so long as they continue making people feel better. It prevents people from identifying with the truth of Hobbes